This SAPHO syndrome case study follows the assessment and investigation of a 49-year-old woman with a longstanding history of left-sided sternoclavicular joint, shoulder girdle, shoulder and cervical spine pain. Her symptoms had persisted for around 20 years and she had seen a number of healthcare professionals without receiving a clear diagnosis. A recent significant flare prompted further assessment. The clinical findings suggested that the sternoclavicular joint, rather th

This non-secretory multiple myeloma case study follows the assessment and investigation of a 72-year-old woman who presented with persistent rib and thoracic spine pain. The case demonstrates the importance of clinical reasoning, objective assessment and being prepared to reconsider an initial diagnosis when a patient's symptoms do not progress as expected. The patient's initial investigations appeared consistent with osteoporosis and a thoracic vertebral compression fracture

Patellofemoral pain is pain associated with the joint between the kneecap, known as the patella, and the thigh bone, or femur. It commonly affects activities involving repeated knee bending or increased joint load, including squatting, running and using stairs. Patellofemoral pain affects more than 20% of adolescents and adults. It is also thought to precede patellofemoral osteoarthritis, which affects more than half of people with knee pain or osteoarthritis (Hart et al., 20